GRAVAMEN
Loading satellite imagery
Drag to rotate
Scroll to explore

Individual incidents of political violence are reported. Investigations are opened. Occasionally, charges are filed. But the connective tissue — the systematic record that maps these incidents against international legal standards and reveals patterns of conduct — is largely absent from the public domain.

Gravamen exists to build that record. We apply the frameworks of international humanitarian law, international criminal law, and human rights law to documented incidents of political violence linked to US foreign conduct — asking not only what happened, but what legal threshold it approaches or crosses.

We do not issue verdicts. We document, classify, and analyze — making the evidentiary record accessible to journalists, litigators, policymakers, and the public.

Gravamen (gra-VAY-men) — Legal Term
"The material part of a grievance; the essential ground or cause of an action; the part of a charge or complaint that bears most heavily against the accused."
— Black's Law Dictionary
Our Standard
"This incident exhibits the following elements of an IHL violation." We state what the evidence shows. We do not conclude what courts have not determined. The record speaks.
— Gravamen Methodology
0 Documented Incidents
0 Active Regions
0 Legal Frameworks
0 Sources Cited

METHOD / 01
OSINT

Open Source Intelligence

Cross-referencing public records, investigative journalism, leaked documents, social media geolocations, and witness testimony to establish incident documentation with verifiable sourcing.

METHOD / 02
SATINT

Satellite Imagery Analysis

Temporal analysis of commercial satellite imagery to corroborate ground events, identify site changes, and provide independent verification of reported incidents in areas with limited access.

METHOD / 03
IHL

Legal Element Analysis

Each documented incident is assessed against applicable international legal frameworks — identifying which articles, elements, and thresholds are implicated and at what level of confidence.

METHOD / 04
PATTERN

Pattern Recognition

Individual incidents that fall below a legal threshold may collectively satisfy the elements of broader offenses. Gravamen tracks cumulative conduct as well as discrete events.

METHOD / 05
SOURCE

Source Verification

Every entry in the Gravamen database is sourced to primary or independently verifiable material. Confidence levels are assigned and displayed. Contested facts are flagged.

METHOD / 06
ACCT

Accountability Tracking

The status of each incident — whether investigated, prosecuted, dismissed, or unaddressed — is tracked alongside the underlying documentation, showing where accountability has and has not followed.

Gravamen begins with US-linked foreign conduct — areas where documented incidents are well-sourced but the public legal analysis is absent. Coverage expands as the evidentiary record justifies it.
Active

Drone Strikes & Civilian Casualties

Yemen, Somalia, Syria, Afghanistan. Civilian casualty patterns analyzed against IHL principles of distinction, proportionality, and precaution.

IHL · LOAC · AP-I
Forthcoming

Detention & Rendition

Post-2001 detention without trial, rendition to third states, and conditions of confinement assessed against the CAT and ICCPR.

CAT · ICCPR · UNSMR
Forthcoming

Arms Sales & Complicity

US arms transfers to states actively committing documented atrocities — examining the legal thresholds of aiding and abetting under international law.

IHL · Rome Statute · ATT

IHL
International Humanitarian Law
The laws of armed conflict — governing the conduct of hostilities, protection of civilians, and treatment of combatants under the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols.
ICC
Rome Statute / ICC Framework
Definitions of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide — the elements of offenses against which documented incidents are assessed.
ICCPR
International Covenant on Civil & Political Rights
Binding obligations governing the right to life, freedom from torture, fair trial guarantees, and freedom of expression and assembly.
CAT
Convention Against Torture
Absolute prohibition on torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment — applicable to state agents and those acting under state authority.
CIHL
Customary International Humanitarian Law
The ICRC's 161 rules binding on all states regardless of treaty ratification — including rules of distinction, proportionality, and precaution in attack.
ATT
Arms Trade Treaty
Obligations governing arms transfers where the exporting state knows the weapons will be used to commit violations of IHL or international human rights law.

Gravamen is built by researchers, lawyers, journalists, and analysts who believe the public deserves a rigorous, legally-grounded account of political violence. We are looking for contributors with expertise in IHL, OSINT, satellite imagery analysis, international criminal law, and regional conflict documentation.